Introduction to OOP

Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that revolves around the concept of objects and classes.

Classes and Objects

A class is a blueprint for creating objects, and an object is an instance of a class.

# define a class
class Car:
    def __init__(self, brand, model, year):
        self.brand = brand
        self.model = model
        self.year = year
    def print_details(self):
        print(f'Brand: {self.brand}, Model: {self.model}, Year: {self.year}')
# create an object
my_car = Car('Toyota', 'Corolla', 2015)
my_car.print_details()

Inheritance

Inheritance is the process of creating a new class based on an existing class.

# define a subclass
class ElectricCar(Car):
    def __init__(self, brand, model, year, battery_capacity):
        super().__init__(brand, model, year)
        self.battery_capacity = battery_capacity
    def print_details(self):
        super().print_details()
        print(f'Battery Capacity: {self.battery_capacity} kWh')
# create an object
my_electric_car = ElectricCar('Tesla', 'Model S', 2020, 75)
my_electric_car.print_details()