Understanding Object-Oriented Programming in Python

Introduction to OOP

Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that revolves around the concept of objects and classes.

Classes and Objects

A class is a blueprint for creating objects, and an object is an instance of a class.

class Car:
    def __init__(self, brand, model):
        self.brand = brand
        self.model = model
my_car = Car('Toyota', 'Corolla')
print(my_car.brand)

Inheritance

Inheritance is the process of creating a new class based on an existing class.

class ElectricCar(Car):
    def __init__(self, brand, model, battery_size):
        super().__init__(brand, model)
        self.battery_size = battery_size
electric_car = ElectricCar('Tesla', 'Model S', 75)
print(electric_car.brand)

Polymorphism

Polymorphism is the ability of an object to take on multiple forms.

class Rectangle:
    def __init__(self, width, height):
        self.width = width
        self.height = height
    def area(self):
        return self.width * self.height
class Circle:
    def __init__(self, radius):
        self.radius = radius
    def area(self):
        return 3.14 * self.radius ** 2
rectangle = Rectangle(4, 5)
circle = Circle(3)
print(rectangle.area())
print(circle.area())